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This report expands the socioeconomic benefit analysis of coral reefs and defines the role of reef adjacent tourism activities in tourism visits and expenditure.

The combined coastline of G20 territories is 45 percent of the world’s harnessing the power of the Blue Economy, therefore, is vital given oceans’ crucial role in sustainable development goals. However, there are various challenges, such as a large financing gaps and lack of global standards and consensus on what constitutes ‘blue financing’. As investments are facing counteracting harmful subsidies and poor project bankability, there is little appetite for private, public, and philanthropic funding. The G20 can catalyze financing for Blue Economy transition by promoting targeted financial instruments such as debt-for-nature swaps, blue bonds and loans, conservation outcome based financing, and parametric insurance. Key recommendations include adopting robust standards and frameworks; strengthening oversight; eliminating regressive subsidies;
deploying innovative financial instruments; implementing cohesive policies and coordinated responses; increasing public investment; de-risking investments; incentivizing private finance, and increasing partnerships.

In this peer reviewed article, coral reef tourism is defined and the valuation of the of the sector is defined in both traditional financial metrics as well as tourist trip equivalents.

This Global Mangrove Alliance (GMA) report building on the inaugural 2021 report to highlight the GMA members and describes the revised goals of our Alliance. We describe important new research findings and policy developments. We also shine a spotlight on mangrove restoration, including research, tools, and stories from the field. The Global Mangrove Alliance has generated a revised goal for 2030, to ensure the long-term security of mangroves and the people who depend on them. It can be summarized in six words: Halt loss, restore half, double protection.